+- PowerBASIC Users Meeting Point (http://pump.richheimer.de)
+-- Forum: User to User Discussions (http://pump.richheimer.de/forumdisplay.php?fid=3)
+--- Forum: Programming (http://pump.richheimer.de/forumdisplay.php?fid=7)
+--- Thread: Calling opcode string discussion (/showthread.php?tid=21)
Calling opcode string discussion - Pierre Bellisle - 01-27-2025
Calling opcode string discussion was started at https://forum.powerbasic.com/forum/user-to-user-discussions/programming/838669-calling-opcode-string-discussion
It is an answer To Anne on how to get and embed a function in a string and call it via "call dword"
This one show particularly how to find the end of the function code by inserting data near the end.
Code:
'follow up of https://forum.powerbasic.com/forum/user-to-user-discussions/programming/838669-calling-opcode-string-discussion
#compile exe '#Win 10.04 (D:\Dev\Pow\Bas\Jose Roca\Forum\Jose\Windows API Headers\3.1.07\uz)#
#dim all
'#register none
'%Unicode = 1
#include "Win32Api.inc"
#RESOURCE MANIFEST, 1, "XPTheme.xml"
global hDlg as dword
$AppName = "call dword"
%Static01 = 101
%Button01 = 201
declare function myfunction(byval var1 as long ,byval var2 as long) as long 'for call dword to use
'_____________________________________________________________________________
function HexView$(sString as string) as string 'HexString
local pByte as byte pointer
local sBuffer as string
local sChar16 as string
local Looper as long
pByte = strptr(sString)
do
if (Looper and 15) = 00 then 'Like MOD 16
sBuffer = sBuffer & hex$(Looper, 4) & ": " 'Line number:
elseif (Looper and 07) = 00 then 'Like MOD 8
sBuffer = sBuffer & "- " 'Middle dash
end if
if Looper < len(sString) then 'Add data
sBuffer = sBuffer & hex$(@pByte[Looper], 2) & $spc
else
#if %def(%pb_win32) 'A to F have bigger width
sBuffer = sBuffer & " " 'Windows: No more data, fill with five spaces
#else 'Use STDOUT in console
sBuffer = sBuffer & " " 'Console: No more data, fill with three spaces
#endif
end if
if (Looper and 15) = 15 then 'End of 16 bytes line
sChar16 = mid$(sString, Looper -14, 16) 'Next line replace non visible characters with dot
replace any chr$(0,1,7,9,10,13,27 to 31,127,129,140,141,143,144,152,157) with "..................." in sChar16
sBuffer = sBuffer & "; " & sChar16 & $crlf 'Add ascii string and CRLF
if Looper >= len(sString) - 1 then exit do 'Job done
end if
incr Looper
loop
function = "Binary data lenght is" & str$(len(sString)) & " bytes." & $crlf & sBuffer
end function
'____________________________________________________________________________
function Add2Numbers(byval var1 as long ,byval var2 as long) as long
function = var1 + var2
'function = var2
exit function
!DB &h12, &h34, &h56, &h78, &h9A, &hBC, &hDE, &hF0
end function
'_____________________________________________________________________________
callback function DlgProc
local sAsm as string
local sTerminator as string
local pcode as dword
local pString as dword
local RetVal as long
local byteVal as byte
select case cbmsg
case %wm_command
select case cbctl
case %Button01
if cbctlmsg = %bn_clicked or cbctlmsg = 1 then
'call original function
sTerminator = chr$(&h12, &h34, &h56, &h78, &h9A, &hBC, &hDE, &hF0)
pcode = codeptr(Add2Numbers)
RetVal = 0
call dword pcode using myfunction(2, 2) to RetVal
MessageBox(hDlg, "CALL DWORD pcode result =" & str$(RetVal), $AppName, 266240)
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
'call a copy of original function using myfunction()
sAsm = ""
do
sAsm &= peek$(pcode, 1) 'build sAsm byte by byte to be sure to not access out of bound memory
incr pcode
if instr(sAsm, sTerminator) then
sAsm &= peek$(pcode, 16) 'get the end of function
exit do
end if
loop
RetVal = 0
pString = strptr(sAsm)
call dword pString using myfunction(2, 3) to RetVal
MessageBox(hDlg, "CALL DWORD pString result =" & str$(RetVal), $AppName, 266240)
'-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
'call a copy of original function without using myfunction()
pString = strptr(sAsm)
! push 4
! push 2
call dword pString 'Or you may use !call pcode
! mov RetVal, eax
MessageBox(hDlg, "CALL DWORD ASM result =" & str$(RetVal), $AppName, 266240)
'-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
'show the copy and original function code side to side
MessageBox(hDlg, "pcode:" & $crlf & HexView$(peek$(codeptr(Add2Numbers), len(sAsm))) & $crlf & $crlf & $crlf & _
"pString:" & $crlf & HexView$(peek$(codeptr(Add2Numbers), len(sAsm))), $AppName, 266240)
end if
end select
end select
end function
'_____________________________________________________________________________
function pbmain()
dialog font "Segoe UI", 9
dialog new %hwnd_desktop, $AppName, , , 150, 50, _
%ws_caption or %ws_minimizebox or %ws_maximizebox or %ws_sizebox or %ws_sysmenu, %ws_ex_left to hDlg
control add label, hDlg, %Static01, "codeptr() and strptr() test", 5, 10, 140, 11, %ss_center
control add button, hDlg, %Button01, "test codeptr() and strptr()", 15, 25, 120, 15
dialog show modal hDlg call DlgProc
end function
'_____________________________________________________________________________
'RE: Calling opcode string discussion - Anne Wilson - 01-29-2025
Thanks so much Pierre
I have created the following program "Obfuscator Maker.bas" to create
hex strings out of the Opcode string pointers to 3 functions, namely
Multiplication , Matrix Multiply and Addition.
These 3 functions hex strings are to be written out to 3 text files.
The hex strings can be subsequently used for deployment into another
new program without the need to declare these functions in this
new program.
Two of these functions work --> Multiplication of 2 numbers and Addition
of 3 numbers. Unfortunately the MatrixMultiply function fail and it GPF ?
Not sure why the MatrixMultiply function fail but it works well directly without
using the CALL DWORD opcode string
Code:
' Obfuscator Maker.bas
' Inspired by Pierre
' https://forum.powerbasic.com/forum/user-to-user-discussions/programming/838669-calling-opcode-string-discussion?p=838671#post838671
' http://pump.richheimer.de/showthread.php?tid=21&pid=78#pid78
' This program makes obfuscator hex strings of a given function
' and save this string into a txt file, which can then be deployed
' to other programs
' It is used to test out functions before deployment
#COMPILE EXE
#DIM ALL
#INCLUDE "Win32Api.inc"
GLOBAL hDlg AS DWORD
' pointers params for the Multiplication function
GLOBAL pStringMult , pcodeMult AS DWORD
GLOBAL sAsmMult AS STRING
' pointers params for the Matrix Multiply function
GLOBAL pStringMat , pcodeMat AS DWORD
GLOBAL sAsmMat AS STRING
' pointers params for the Addition function
GLOBAL pStringAdd , pcodeAdd AS DWORD
GLOBAL sAsmAdd AS STRING
$AppName = " Obfuscator Maker "
%Lab01 = 101
%ButtonMult = 201
%ButtonMat = 202
%ButtonAdd = 203
'for call dword usage -- for Masquerading the real functions
' for the multiplication function
DECLARE FUNCTION MasqueradeMt(BYVAL var1 AS LONG ,BYVAL var2 AS LONG) AS LONG
' Function declaration string
$DecFnStr1 = "DECLARE FUNCTION MasqueradeMt(BYVAL var1 AS LONG ,BYVAL var2 AS LONG) AS LONG"
DECLARE FUNCTION MasqueradeM( ) AS STRING
$DecFnStr2 = "DECLARE FUNCTION MasqueradeM( ) AS STRING "
' for the Add function
DECLARE FUNCTION MasqueradeA(BYVAL var1 AS LONG , _
BYVAL var2 AS LONG, BYVAL var3 AS LONG) AS LONG
' Function declaration string
$DecFnStr3 = "DECLARE FUNCTION MasqueradeA(BYVAL var1 AS LONG ," + _
" BYVAL var2 AS LONG, BYVAL var3 AS LONG) AS LONG"
' place your function here ********************
'===================================
' a simple multiplication function
FUNCTION Mult2Numbers(BYVAL var1 AS LONG , BYVAL var2 AS LONG) AS LONG
FUNCTION = var1 * var2
EXIT FUNCTION
' End of function marker to indicate the final end of function
' http://pump.richheimer.de/showthread.php?tid=21&pid=78#pid78
!DB &h12, &h34, &h56, &h78, &h9A, &hBC, &hDE, &hF0
END FUNCTION
'===================================
' a simple addition function
FUNCTION Add3Numbers(BYVAL var1 AS LONG , BYVAL var2 AS LONG ,_
BYVAL var3 AS LONG) AS LONG
FUNCTION = var1 + var2 + var3
EXIT FUNCTION
' End of function marker to indicate the final end of function
' http://pump.richheimer.de/showthread.php?tid=21&pid=78#pid78
!DB &h12, &h34, &h56, &h78, &h9A, &hBC, &hDE, &hF0
END FUNCTION
'=====================================
' a complex function
FUNCTION MatrixMultiply( ) AS STRING
' see the answers in
' https://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/matrix-multiplying.html
'
LOCAL i, j, k AS LONG
LOCAL sum AS LONG
' Note that do NOT use global as cannot pass **************
' global arguments into a CALL DWORD function
' for the Matrix Multiply function
LOCAL MResult() AS LONG
LOCAL MatA() AS LONG
LOCAL MatB() AS LONG
' setup the matrices -- one time only
REDIM MatA(5) ' 2x3 matrix
REDIM MatB(5) ' 3x2 matrix
REDIM MResult(4) ' 2x2 matrix
' Assignments of values as in
' https://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/matrix-multiplying.html
ARRAY ASSIGN MatA() = 1,2,3,4,5,6
ARRAY ASSIGN MatB() = 7,8,9,10,11,12
FOR i = 0 TO 1
FOR j = 0 TO 1
sum = 0
FOR k = 0 TO 2
sum = sum + MatA(i * 3 + k) * MatB(k * 2 + j)
NEXT k
MResult(i * 2 + j) = sum
NEXT j
NEXT i
'? " sum " + str$(sum)
' the result string
LOCAL ResStr AS STRING
LOCAL ResVal AS LONG
ResStr = ""
FOR i = 0 TO 1
FOR j = 0 TO 1
ResVal = MResult(i * 2 + j)
ResStr += " " + STR$(ResVal)
NEXT j
NEXT i
FUNCTION = ResStr
' End of function marker to indicate the final end of function
!DB &h12, &h34, &h56, &h78, &h9A, &hBC, &hDE, &hF0
END FUNCTION
'==================================
' Setup functions' parameters
SUB SetupFunParams
' Get ready with these function params
' for the Mult2Numbers function
pcodeMult = CODEPTR(Mult2Numbers)
' Obtain the pointer to the ASM string for the
' Mult2Numbers function
Obtain_PtrStringGen( pcodeMult , pStringMult , sAsmMult , 1 )
' for the Matrix Multiply function --> Fail ***************************
pcodeMat = CODEPTR(MatrixMultiply)
' Obtain the pointer to the ASM string for the
' Matrix Multiply function
Obtain_PtrStringGen( pcodeMat , pStringMat , sAsmMat , 2 )
' for the Addition function
pcodeAdd = CODEPTR(Add3Numbers)
' Obtain the pointer to the ASM string for the
' Addition function
Obtain_PtrStringGen( pcodeAdd , pStringAdd , sAsmAdd , 3 )
END SUB
'============================
FUNCTION PBMAIN()
#REGISTER NONE
' Setup functions' parameters
SetupFunParams
DIALOG FONT "Segoe UI", 9
DIALOG NEW %HWND_DESKTOP, $AppName, , , 200, 140, _
%WS_CAPTION OR %WS_MINIMIZEBOX OR %WS_MAXIMIZEBOX OR %WS_SIZEBOX _
OR %WS_SYSMENU, %WS_EX_LEFT TO hDlg
CONTROL ADD LABEL, hDlg, %Lab01 , "Obfuscate using String Pointers to functions",_
15, 10, 190, 11
CONTROL ADD BUTTON, hDlg, %ButtonMult , "Mult function strptr()",_
55, 35, 90, 15
CONTROL ADD BUTTON, hDlg, %ButtonMat, "Matix multiply function strptr()",_
55, 65, 120, 15
CONTROL ADD BUTTON, hDlg, %ButtonAdd , "Add function strptr()",_
55, 95, 90, 15
DIALOG SHOW MODAL hDlg CALL DlgProc
END FUNCTION
'====================================
CALLBACK FUNCTION DlgProc
LOCAL RetVal AS LONG
LOCAL dispst AS STRING
SELECT CASE CB.MSG
CASE %WM_INITDIALOG
CASE %WM_COMMAND
SELECT CASE CB.CTL
CASE %ButtonMult
' compute -- You need to TEST the function out
' so that it is accurate before deployment
IF CB.CTLMSG = %BN_CLICKED OR CB.CTLMSG = 1 THEN
RetVal = 0
' using string pointer to point to the Mult2Numbers function
CALL DWORD pStringMult USING MasqueradeMt(519, 23) TO RetVal
MessageBox(hDlg, "CALL DWORD pStringMult result of 519 and 23 =" & _
STR$(RetVal), "String Pointer to Mult function", 266240)
END IF
CASE %ButtonMat
' compute the
IF CB.CTLMSG = %BN_CLICKED OR CB.CTLMSG = 1 THEN
dispst = ""
' using string pointer to point to the MatrixMultiply function --> Fail ***************
CALL DWORD pStringMat USING MasqueradeM() TO dispst
' Call the real function as a test the function first
' to ensure correct computation --> this works
' dispst = MatrixMultiply()
MessageBox(hDlg, "CALL DWORD pStringMat with matrix result : " + $CRLF+ dispst , _
"String Pointer to Matrix Multiply function ", 266240)
END IF
CASE %ButtonAdd
' compute -- You need to TEST the function out
' so that it is accurate before deployment
IF CB.CTLMSG = %BN_CLICKED OR CB.CTLMSG = 1 THEN
RetVal = 0
' using string pointer to point to the Add3Numbers function
CALL DWORD pStringAdd USING MasqueradeA(19,325, 93) TO RetVal
MessageBox(hDlg, "CALL DWORD pStringAdd result of 19 , 325 and 93 =" & _
STR$(RetVal), "String Pointer to Add function", 266240)
END IF
END SELECT
END SELECT
END FUNCTION
'=========================
' Obtain the pointer to the ASM string
' for General usage.
' and creates the text file for the wsAsm string
' gpar = indicator for a specific function
SUB Obtain_PtrStringGen( BYVAL gpcode AS DWORD, _
BYREF WpString AS DWORD ,BYREF wsAsm AS STRING , gpar AS LONG )
LOCAL byteVal AS BYTE
LOCAL sTerminator AS STRING
sTerminator = CHR$(&h12, &h34, &h56, &h78, &h9A, &hBC, &hDE, &hF0 )
' clear off any prev values
WpString = 0
wsAsm = ""
' Assemble WsAsm byte by byte
' and looking for the end of function marker
DO
WsAsm &= PEEK$(gpcode, 1)
INCR gpcode
IF INSTR(WsAsm, sTerminator) THEN
'found the end of function marker
WsAsm &= PEEK$(gpcode, 16)
EXIT DO
END IF
LOOP
' Gets the pointer to the wanted function's ASM string
WpString = STRPTR(WsAsm)
' Convert to hex as it is printable
LOCAL HxStrAsm , OrigAsm AS STRING
HxStrAsm = HexDump(WsAsm)
SLEEP 10
OrigAsm = DeHex(HxStrAsm)
SLEEP 10
LOCAL filNamAsm , DecFn AS STRING
filNamAsm = "Output WsAsm " + STR$(gpar) + ".txt"
' gets the correct declaration function name
' according to gpar
SELECT CASE gpar
CASE 1
DecFn = $DecFnStr1
CASE 2
DecFn = $DecFnStr2
CASE 3
DecFn = $DecFnStr3
END SELECT
' clear off old file
KILL filNamAsm
' prints out the WsAsm string to a text file
LOCAL bf AS LONG
bf = FREEFILE
OPEN filNamAsm FOR OUTPUT AS #bf
PRINT #bf, WsAsm
PRINT #bf,
PRINT #bf,
PRINT #bf,HxStrAsm
PRINT #bf,
PRINT #bf,
PRINT #bf, OrigAsm
PRINT #bf,
PRINT #bf,
PRINT #bf, "Masquerade Function declaration string"
PRINT #bf, DecFn
CLOSE #bf
END SUB
'======================================
' Provide a string of Hex characters
' for a given string sgBuf
FUNCTION HexDump(sgBuf AS STRING) AS STRING
LOCAL sbh AS ISTRINGBUILDERA
sbh = CLASS "STRINGBUILDERA"
LOCAL ihd AS LONG
FOR ihd = 1 TO LEN(sgBuf)
sbh.add HEX$(ASC(MID$(sgBuf,ihd,1)),2)
NEXT
FUNCTION = sbh.string
END FUNCTION
'===================================================
FUNCTION DeHex(Inpt AS STRING) AS STRING
LOCAL i AS INTEGER
LOCAL Xdh AS STRING
FOR i = 1 TO LEN(Inpt) STEP 2
Xdh = Xdh & CHR$(VAL("&H" & MID$(Inpt, i, 2)))
NEXT i
DeHex = Xdh
END FUNCTIONPierre
What's the purpose of this line of code
Code:
!DB &h12, &h34, &h56, &h78, &h9A, &hBC, &hDE, &hF0Is it a marker of some sort to mark the end of a function ?
how does it work ? does it do some action ?
RE: Calling opcode string discussion - Pierre Bellisle - 01-29-2025
>Is it a marker of some sort to mark the end of a function ?
Exactly, sTerminator is the equivalent string that will be search for in the Button01 section.
RE: Calling opcode string discussion - Pierre Bellisle - 01-30-2025
Anne, I've made some quick test.
Seems the problem is with a function that internally manipulate dynamic string.
More study to do
RE: Calling opcode string discussion - Anne Wilson - 02-02-2025
Thank You Pierre
I think I found the issue in regards to this Calling Dword using Opcodes :
This method cannot be used when the target function has the following
1. Calling an external PB statement such as STR$() , ARRAY ASSIGN , and even to the power statement
such as Ab ^ 2
You need to make it as Ab * Ab
2. No string manipulation , array function or statements
3. Calling external API functions such as GetModuleHandle() , IsFile() etc
Otherwise it will result in GPF
Therefore, calling Opcode string method should be limited to simple additions, multiplications
and divisions of variables. For power , use Ab * Ab * Ab instead of Ab^3
Surprisingly , we can still use SELECT CASE .... END SELECT statements
As for the example of Obfuscator Maker.bas it is finally listed as, noting that
I have commented out the CALL DWORD statements which fail
Code:
' Obfuscator Maker.bas
' Inspired by Pierre
' https://forum.powerbasic.com/forum/user-to-user-discussions/programming/838669-calling-opcode-string-discussion?p=838671#post838671
' http://pump.richheimer.de/showthread.php?tid=21&pid=78#pid78
' This program makes obfuscator hex strings of a given function
' and save this string into a txt file, which can then be deployed
' to other programs
' It is used to test out functions before deployment
#COMPILE EXE
#DIM ALL
#INCLUDE "Win32Api.inc"
GLOBAL hDlg AS DWORD
' pointers params for the Multiplication function
GLOBAL pStringMult , pcodeMult AS DWORD
GLOBAL sAsmMult AS STRING
' pointers params for the Matrix Multiply function
GLOBAL pStringMat , pcodeMat AS DWORD
GLOBAL sAsmMat AS STRING
' pointers params for the Addition function
GLOBAL pStringAdd , pcodeAdd AS DWORD
GLOBAL sAsmAdd AS STRING
' pointers params for the Compute Area and Volume function
GLOBAL pStringCAV , pcodeCAV AS DWORD
GLOBAL sAsmCAV AS STRING
' pointers params for the Check SandBoxie function
GLOBAL pStringCSB , pcodeCSB AS DWORD
GLOBAL sAsmCSB AS STRING
$AppName = " Obfuscator Maker "
%Lab01 = 101
%ButtonMult = 201
%ButtonMat = 202
%ButtonAdd = 203
%ButtonCAV = 204
%ButtonCSB = 205
' End of function marker to indicate the final end of function
MACRO FN_END = ! DB &HEB, &H08, &H56, &H4D, &H45, &H4E, &H44, &H31, &H00, &H00
'for call dword usage -- for Masquerading the real functions
' for the multiplication function
DECLARE FUNCTION MasqueradeMt(BYVAL var1 AS LONG ,BYVAL var2 AS LONG) AS LONG
' Function declaration string
$DecFnStr1 = "DECLARE FUNCTION MasqueradeMt(BYVAL var1 AS LONG ,BYVAL var2 AS LONG) AS LONG"
'for the Matrix multiplication function
DECLARE FUNCTION MasqueradeMatM(BYREF R1 AS LONG ,BYREF R2 AS LONG ,_
BYREF R3 AS LONG , BYREF R4 AS LONG ) AS LONG
' Function declaration string
$DecFnStr2 = "DECLARE FUNCTION MasqueradeMatM( BYREF R1 AS LONG ,BYREF R2 AS LONG , " + _
" BYREF R3 AS LONG , BYREF R4 AS LONG ) AS LONG "
' for the Add function
DECLARE FUNCTION MasqueradeA(BYVAL var1 AS LONG , _
BYVAL var2 AS LONG, BYVAL var3 AS LONG) AS LONG
' Function declaration string
$DecFnStr3 = "DECLARE FUNCTION MasqueradeA(BYVAL var1 AS LONG , " + _
" BYVAL var2 AS LONG, BYVAL var3 AS LONG) AS LONG"
' for the compute Area and Volume function
DECLARE FUNCTION Masq_AV(BYVAL v1 AS DOUBLE , BYVAL v2 AS DOUBLE , _
BYVAL V3 AS LONG ) AS DOUBLE
$DecFnStr4 = "DECLARE FUNCTION Masq_AV(BYVAL V1 AS DOUBLE , BYVAL V2 AS DOUBLE ," + _
" BYVAL V3 AS LONG ) AS DOUBLE"
' for the Check SandBoxie function
DECLARE FUNCTION MasqueradeCSB() AS LONG
' Function declaration string
$DecFnStr5 = "DECLARE FUNCTION MasqueradeCSB() AS LONG
' place your functions here ********************
'===================================
' a simple multiplication function
FUNCTION Mult2Numbers(BYVAL var1 AS LONG , BYVAL var2 AS LONG) AS LONG
FUNCTION = var1 * var2
EXIT FUNCTION
' End of function marker to indicate the final end of function
FN_END
END FUNCTION
'===================================
' Compute Area and Volume function
' make sure that the input values are DOUBLE
' as its results are DOUBLE
' No need interpretation by PB -- No external function must be used
' Ensure that the computation is straight forward without
' interpretation using external function
FUNCTION Compute_AreaVol(BYVAL V1 AS DOUBLE , BYVAL V2 AS DOUBLE , _
BYVAL V3 AS LONG ) AS DOUBLE
LOCAL Mav AS DOUBLE
Mav = 0
SELECT CASE V3
CASE 1
' Area of a rectangle
Mav = V1 * V2
CASE 2
' Area of a circle with v1 = radius
' note that we cannot have V1 ^ 2
' no external function for it to evaluate
Mav = 3.1416 * V1 * V1
CASE 3
' Circumference of circle with v1 = radius
Mav = 2* 3.1416 * V1
CASE 4
' Volume of a cone, v1 = radius, v2 = height
Mav = 3.1416 * V1 * v1 * (v2 /3)
END SELECT
FUNCTION = Mav
EXIT FUNCTION
' End of function marker to indicate the final end of function
FN_END
END FUNCTION
'===================================
' a simple addition function
FUNCTION Add3Numbers(BYVAL var1 AS LONG , BYVAL var2 AS LONG ,_
BYVAL var3 AS LONG) AS LONG
FUNCTION = var1 + var2 + var3
EXIT FUNCTION
' End of function marker to indicate the final end of function
FN_END
END FUNCTION
'===================================
' Check SandBoxie function
FUNCTION IsSandboxie() AS LONG
LOCAL hModule AS DWORD
LOCAL SBChk AS LONG
SBChk = 0
' check for module SbieDll.dll
hModule = GetModuleHandle("SbieDll.dll")
IF hModule <> 0 THEN
SBChk = 1
END IF
FUNCTION = SBChk
EXIT FUNCTION
' End of function marker to indicate the final end of function
FN_END
END FUNCTION
'=====================================
' a complex function
FUNCTION MatrixMultiply( BYREF R1 AS LONG ,BYREF R2 AS LONG , _
BYREF R3 AS LONG , BYREF R4 AS LONG ) AS LONG
' see the answers in
' https://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/matrix-multiplying.html
'
LOCAL i, j, k AS LONG
LOCAL sum AS LONG
' Note that do NOT use global as cannot pass **************
' global arguments into a CALL DWORD function
' for the Matrix Multiply function
' LOCAL MResult() AS LONG
' LOCAL MatA() AS LONG
' LOCAL MatB() AS LONG
' setup the matrices -- one time only
' REDIM MatA(0 to 5) ' 2x3 matrix
' REDIM MatB(0 to 5) ' 3x2 matrix
' REDIM MResult(0 to 3) ' 2x2 matrix
DIM MatA(0 TO 5) AS LOCAL LONG ' 2x3 matrix
DIM MatB(0 TO 5) AS LOCAL LONG ' 3x2 matrix
DIM MResult(0 TO 3) AS LOCAL LONG ' 2x2 matrix
' Assignments of values as in
' https://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/matrix-multiplying.html
' ARRAY ASSIGN MatA() = 1,2,3,4,5,6
' ARRAY ASSIGN MatB() = 7,8,9,10,11,12
' No longer use external PB function for array assignment
' assigns the array directly
MatA(0) = 1
MatA(1) = 2
MatA(2) = 3
MatA(3) = 4
MatA(4) = 5
MatA(5) = 6
MatB(0) = 7
MatB(1) = 8
MatB(2) = 9
MatB(3) = 10
MatB(4) = 11
MatB(5) = 12
LOCAL ak , bk , asq , bsq , msq , ck AS LONG
FOR i = 0 TO 1
FOR j = 0 TO 1
sum = 0
FOR k = 0 TO 2
asq = i * 3 + k
bsq = k * 2 + j
ak = MatA(asq)
bk = MatB(bsq)
ck = ak*bk
sum = sum + ck
NEXT k
msq = i * 2 + j
MResult(msq) = sum
NEXT j
NEXT i
' Do not use external PB function like STR$()
' so we return with arguments values for the MResult() array
' There are 4 elements of MResult() and they are
R1 = MResult(0)
R2 = MResult(1)
R3 = MResult(2)
R4 = MResult(3)
EXIT FUNCTION
FN_END
END FUNCTION
'==================================
' Setup functions' parameters into Opcode strings
SUB SetupFunParams
' Get ready with these function params
' for the Mult2Numbers function
pcodeMult = CODEPTR(Mult2Numbers)
' Obtain the pointer to the ASM string for the
' Mult2Numbers function
Obtain_PtrStringGen( pcodeMult , pStringMult , sAsmMult , 1 )
' for the Matrix Multiply function
pcodeMat = CODEPTR(MatrixMultiply)
' Obtain the pointer to the ASM string for the
' Matrix Multiply function
Obtain_PtrStringGen( pcodeMat , pStringMat , sAsmMat , 2 )
' for the Addition function
pcodeAdd = CODEPTR(Add3Numbers)
' Obtain the pointer to the ASM string for the
' Addition function
Obtain_PtrStringGen( pcodeAdd , pStringAdd , sAsmAdd , 3 )
' for the Compute Area and Volume function
pcodeCAV = CODEPTR(Compute_AreaVol)
' Obtain the pointer to the ASM string for the
' Compute Area and Volume function
Obtain_PtrStringGen( pcodeCAV , pStringCAV , sAsmCAV , 4 )
' for the Check SandBoxie function
pcodeCSB = CODEPTR(IsSandboxie)
' Obtain the pointer to the ASM string for the
' IsSandboxie function
Obtain_PtrStringGen( pcodeCSB , pStringCSB , sAsmCSB , 5 )
END SUB
'============================
FUNCTION PBMAIN()
#REGISTER NONE
' Setup functions' parameters
SetupFunParams
DIALOG FONT "Segoe UI", 9
DIALOG NEW %HWND_DESKTOP, $AppName, , , 250, 220, _
%WS_CAPTION OR %WS_MINIMIZEBOX OR %WS_MAXIMIZEBOX OR %WS_SIZEBOX _
OR %WS_SYSMENU, %WS_EX_LEFT TO hDlg
CONTROL ADD LABEL, hDlg, %Lab01 , "Obfuscate using String Pointers to functions",_
15, 10, 190, 11
CONTROL ADD BUTTON, hDlg, %ButtonMult , "Mult function strptr()",_
55, 35, 90, 15
CONTROL ADD BUTTON, hDlg, %ButtonMat, "Matix multiply function strptr()",_
55, 65, 120, 15
CONTROL ADD BUTTON, hDlg, %ButtonAdd , "Add function strptr()",_
55, 95, 90, 15
CONTROL ADD BUTTON, hDlg, %ButtonCAV , "Comp Area Vol function strptr()",_
55, 125, 100, 15
CONTROL ADD BUTTON, hDlg, %ButtonCSB , "Check SandBoxie function strptr()",_
55, 155, 110, 15
DIALOG SHOW MODAL hDlg CALL DlgProc
END FUNCTION
'====================================
CALLBACK FUNCTION DlgProc
LOCAL RetVal AS LONG
LOCAL dispst AS STRING
SELECT CASE CB.MSG
CASE %WM_INITDIALOG
CASE %WM_COMMAND
SELECT CASE CB.CTL
CASE %ButtonMult
' compute -- You need to TEST the function out
' so that it is accurate before deployment
' Simple Multiplication of 2 numbers
IF CB.CTLMSG = %BN_CLICKED OR CB.CTLMSG = 1 THEN
RetVal = 0
' using string pointer to point to the Mult2Numbers function
CALL DWORD pStringMult USING MasqueradeMt(519, 23) TO RetVal
MessageBox(hDlg, "CALL DWORD pStringMult result of 519 and 23 =" & _
STR$(RetVal), "String Pointer to Mult function", 266240)
END IF
CASE %ButtonMat
' the MatrixMultiply function
IF CB.CTLMSG = %BN_CLICKED OR CB.CTLMSG = 1 THEN
RetVal = 0
LOCAL R1 , R2 , R3 , R4 AS LONG
R1 = 0
R2 = 0
R3 = 0
R4 = 0
' using string pointer to point to the MatrixMultiply function
' this fail ***************
' CALL DWORD pStringMat USING MasqueradeMatM(R1 , R2 , R3 , R4) TO RetVal
' this works
MatrixMultiply(R1 , R2 , R3 , R4)
' Concatenate the result string -- do not place external
' function STR$() inside the obfuscated MatrixMultiply function
dispst = ""
dispst = STR$(R1) + " " + STR$(R2) + " " + STR$(R3) + " " + STR$(R4)
MessageBox(hDlg, "CALL DWORD pStringMat with matrix result : " + $CRLF+ dispst , _
"String Pointer to Matrix Multiply function ", 266240)
' https://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/matrix-multiplying.html
' answers are 58 , 64 , 139 , 154
END IF
CASE %ButtonAdd
' compute -- You need to TEST the function out
' so that it is accurate before deployment
' Simple Addition of 3 numbers
IF CB.CTLMSG = %BN_CLICKED OR CB.CTLMSG = 1 THEN
RetVal = 0
' using string pointer to point to the Add3Numbers function
CALL DWORD pStringAdd USING MasqueradeA(19,325, 93) TO RetVal
MessageBox(hDlg, "CALL DWORD pStringAdd result of 19 , 325 and 93 =" & _
STR$(RetVal), "String Pointer to Add function", 266240)
END IF
CASE %ButtonCAV
' compute -- You need to TEST the function out
' so that it is accurate before deployment
' compute Area and Volume function
IF CB.CTLMSG = %BN_CLICKED OR CB.CTLMSG = 1 THEN
LOCAL RetValPar AS DOUBLE
RetValPar = 0
' using string pointer to point to the compute Area and Volume function
' this case works answer = 133316.933
CALL DWORD pStringCAV USING Masq_AV(206 , 0 , 2 ) TO RetValPar
MessageBox(hDlg, "CALL DWORD pStringCAV, Circle Area with radius 206 =" & _
STR$(RetValPar), "String Pointer to compute Area and Volume function", 266240)
' this case works answer =2414
CALL DWORD pStringCAV USING Masq_AV(34 , 71 , 1 ) TO RetValPar
MessageBox(hDlg, "CALL DWORD pStringCAV, Rectangle Area with sides lengths of 34 and 71 =" & _
STR$(RetValPar), "String Pointer to compute Area and Volume function", 266240)
' this case works answer = 1297.339156
CALL DWORD pStringCAV USING Masq_AV(206 , 0 , 3 ) TO RetValPar
MessageBox(hDlg, "CALL DWORD pStringCAV, Circle circumference with radius 206 =" & _
STR$(RetValPar), "String Pointer to compute Area and Volume function", 266240)
' this case works answer = 502655.9827
CALL DWORD pStringCAV USING Masq_AV(100 , 48 , 4 ) TO RetValPar
MessageBox(hDlg, "CALL DWORD pStringCAV, Cone volume with radius 100 and height of 48 =" & _
STR$(RetValPar), "String Pointer to compute Area and Volume function", 266240)
END IF
CASE %ButtonCSB
' checks for SandBoxie
IF CB.CTLMSG = %BN_CLICKED OR CB.CTLMSG = 1 THEN
RetVal = 0
LOCAL Sbpresent AS STRING
' this fail ***************
' using string pointer to point to the Check Sandboxie function
' CALL DWORD pStringCSB USING MasqueradeCSB() TO RetVal
' this works
RetVal = IsSandboxie()
IF RetVal = 0 THEN
Sbpresent = "SandBoxie NOT present"
ELSE
Sbpresent = "SandBoxie is present"
END IF
MessageBox(hDlg, "CALL DWORD pStringCSB result = " & _
Sbpresent , "String Pointer to Check SandBoxie function", 266240)
END IF
END SELECT
END SELECT
END FUNCTION
'=========================
' Obtain the pointer to the ASM string
' for General usage.
' and creates the text file for the wsAsm string
' gpar = indicator for a specific function
SUB Obtain_PtrStringGen( BYVAL gpcode AS DWORD, _
BYREF WpString AS DWORD ,BYREF wsAsm AS STRING , gpar AS LONG )
LOCAL byteVal AS BYTE
' LOCAL sTerminator AS STRING
' sTerminator = CHR$(&h12, &h34, &h56, &h78, &h9A, &hBC, &hDE, &hF0 )
LOCAL sTerm AS STRING
sTerm = CHR$( &HEB, &H08, &H56, &H4D, &H45, &H4E, &H44, &H31, &H00, &H00 )
' clear off any prev values
WpString = 0
wsAsm = ""
' Assemble WsAsm byte by byte
' and looking for the end of function marker
DO
WsAsm &= PEEK$(gpcode, 1)
INCR gpcode
IF INSTR(WsAsm, sTerm ) THEN
'found the end of function marker
WsAsm &= PEEK$(gpcode, 16)
EXIT DO
END IF
LOOP
' Gets the pointer to the wanted function's ASM string
WpString = STRPTR(WsAsm)
' Convert to hex as it is printable
LOCAL HxStrAsm , OrigAsm AS STRING
HxStrAsm = HexDump(WsAsm)
SLEEP 10
OrigAsm = DeHex(HxStrAsm)
SLEEP 10
LOCAL filNamAsm , DecFn AS STRING
filNamAsm = "Output WsAsm " + STR$(gpar) + ".txt"
' gets the correct declaration function name
' according to gpar
SELECT CASE gpar
CASE 1
DecFn = $DecFnStr1
CASE 2
DecFn = $DecFnStr2
CASE 3
DecFn = $DecFnStr3
CASE 4
DecFn = $DecFnStr4
CASE 5
DecFn = $DecFnStr5
END SELECT
' clear off old file
KILL filNamAsm
' prints out the WsAsm string to a text file
LOCAL bf AS LONG
bf = FREEFILE
OPEN filNamAsm FOR OUTPUT AS #bf
PRINT #bf, WsAsm
PRINT #bf,
PRINT #bf,
PRINT #bf,HxStrAsm
PRINT #bf,
PRINT #bf,
PRINT #bf, OrigAsm
PRINT #bf,
PRINT #bf,
PRINT #bf, "Masquerade Function declaration string"
PRINT #bf, DecFn
CLOSE #bf
END SUB
'======================================
' Provide a string of Hex characters
' for a given string sgBuf
FUNCTION HexDump(sgBuf AS STRING) AS STRING
LOCAL sbh AS ISTRINGBUILDERA
sbh = CLASS "STRINGBUILDERA"
LOCAL ihd AS LONG
FOR ihd = 1 TO LEN(sgBuf)
sbh.add HEX$(ASC(MID$(sgBuf,ihd,1)),2)
NEXT
FUNCTION = sbh.string
END FUNCTION
'===================================================
FUNCTION DeHex(Inpt AS STRING) AS STRING
LOCAL i AS INTEGER
LOCAL Xdh AS STRING
FOR i = 1 TO LEN(Inpt) STEP 2
Xdh = Xdh & CHR$(VAL("&H" & MID$(Inpt, i, 2)))
NEXT i
DeHex = Xdh
END FUNCTIONNote that I have also use the MACRO to denote the end of function marker
MACRO FN_END = ! DB &HEB, &H08, &H56, &H4D, &H45, &H4E, &H44, &H31, &H00, &H00
RE: Calling opcode string discussion - Dale Yarker - 02-03-2025
" This method cannot be used when the target function has the following"
I don't see any ! PUSH register operands in your code (nor &h50 in the strings), so of course some things will fail.
I mentioned this before in PB Forum when it became clear you going to do it in any case.
from pb Help:
"There are special conditions with register preservation that apply when writing mixed assembler and BASIC code. PowerBASIC is a highly optimized compiler and among its optimizations are reductions in the stack overhead between BASIC code statements. Therefore, compiled PowerBASIC code is designed to expect that the EBX, ESI, and EDI registers will remain unchanged between lines of BASIC code.
This means that if your assembler algorithm uses any of the EBX, ESI, or EDI registers, you must preserve their original state from the last line of BASIC code that precedes the Inline Assembler code. This is, you must PUSH them before your ASM code, and POP them again right before the BASIC code commences." (bold added)
Memory addresses for jumps are also wrong because you're lifting code compiled with labels and putting it somewhere else where the relative address is different.
Have a nice day
RE: Calling opcode string discussion - Charles Pegge - 02-03-2025
To push all the registers, except for the stack pointer itself esp, add these bytes to the start of your string:
in hexadecimal:
9c 50 51 52 53 55 56 57
Then add this to the end of your string to pop them all back again
5f 5e 5d 5b 5a 59 58 9d
This should be safe for all integer arithmetic, and possibly floats. You might be able to do Windows API calls as well.
RE: Calling opcode string discussion - Anne Wilson - 02-04-2025
Thanks Dale and Charles
The push 9c 50 51 52 53 55 56 57 and pop 5f 5e 5d 5b 5a 59 58 9d did not work
These have no bearing in opcode
I found that Calling opcode method cannot pass arguments in DOUBLE and we cannot use
functions like INT() and integer division operator \
So the best solution should be limited to simple addition , multiplication of LONG
variables. NO external PB functions nor WinAPI functions.
di9c 50 51 52 53 55 56 57
RE: Calling opcode string discussion - Charles Pegge - 02-04-2025
You could make your own functions using Inline Assembly code, which you can design to run from any location, wherever you place the extracted binary string
The simplest function you can call is ret (which happens to be &hc3)
Would you be interested in pursuing this strategy?
RE: Calling opcode string discussion - Anne Wilson - 02-04-2025
Thanks Charles for your offer.
However the main objective of this program "Obfuscator maker.bas" is to
obfuscate a given function's Opcode string into a hex form as shown below
Code:
558BEC535657683F13000083EC70688712200031F656565656568B450C034508034510898568FFFFFFE90A000000EB084678744DF0DE00008B8568FFFFFF8D65F45F5E5B5DC20C0000000000and then to use this hex string in another program. It would make life very difficult for hackers.
Even if they decompile the program, they have limited means to find out what this function
is all about.
Whereas if we were to use ASM, hackers can easily decompile it , view it and able to manipulate
the codes directly in a linear fashion.
To add another layer of complexity we can also encrypt this hex string so that hackers will find
it next to impossible to determine its contents.
We can also split this single hex string into several string components, encrypt these several strings.
And at the time when we needed to run the function, we decrypt these several string components,
then concatenate them into the final Opcode string.
Finally execute CALL DWORD this final opcode string to get the obfuscated function running.